The retina can be described as a thin layer of tissue that is formed at the innermost part of the eye. This part of the eye is extremely light-sensitive, and when light passes through the eye, the image will be focused on the retina. At the end of the retina, some nerves connect to the brain, and through optic nerves, electric signals will transmit the picture to the brain. Generally, the primary function of the retina is that it converts the image to electric signals which will be received by the brain. In people who have a functional retina, the picture will become visible by the collaboration of the cornea, lens, and other parts of the eye.

However, a condition called retinal detachment can cause the retina to get separated from the back of the eye. Moreover, depending on the severity of the retinal detachment, it can lead to a complete or partial loss of vision. The condition is quite severe and can lead to permeant blindness; therefore, patients must seek treatment as soon as the symptoms become noticeable. Although there is no pain involved when the retina becomes detached, the symptoms are quite clear and cannot be neglected:

• Blurred vision or lack of sharpness.
• The existence of shadow in the vision which resembles looking through a hazed field.
• The sudden appearance of flashes of light when patients are looking to the side (Photopsia).
• Having floaters in the vision which look like tiny specks or stings floating before the eye.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD): This is one of the most common types of retinal detachment which due to an injury, will become tore, or a hole would be created inside it. In this situation, fluid will travel and will be accumulated beneath the retina, causing it to be separated away from the underlying tissue. Due to the detachment of the retina from the surrounding tissue, the flow of blood will stop circulating in these areas, which ultimately leads to the loss of vision.

Tractional retinal detachment: In this type of detachment, the scar tissue in the retina will grow and becomes contracted, causing it to move away from the back of the eye. Although this kind of retinal detachment is quite rare, people with diabetes are more susceptible to developing it.

Exudative detachment: In this type of retinal detachment, here are no holes or tears; however, fluid accumulates beneath the retina.

The diagnosis of retinal detachment will begin by a thorough physical examination. The doctor will also conduct the following test. To examine the retina, the doctor will use special instruments since it placed at the back of the eye. Furthermore, the doctor will check the patients’ vision, pressure, or if they can detect colorful objects.

The most suitable treatment for curing retinal detachment is surgery and based on each patient’s condition and the severity of the detachment, the doctor will recommend the most appropriate operation.

• Injecting air or gas into the eye: By injecting a bubble of air into the center of the eye, the retina will be pushed away from the areas that contain hole or tear to the wall of the eye.
• Removal and replacement of the fluid in the eye: After the surgeon removes the vitreous that are placing pressure on the retina, with the help of air, gas, or silicone oil injection into the empty spaces of vitreous, the retina will be flattened. 

To reach full recovery, patients should follow the below recommendation:

• Use Glasses.
• Adjust the light of the home.
• Ask family or friends to help you while you are at home or want to go outside.
• Be observant of your overall health.

The field of ophthalmology is looked upon as one of the difficult medical areas that require absolute precision and years of experience. Undoubtedly, Iran eye surgeons are among some of the most skilled practitioners that have performed various intricate eye surgery with successful outcomes. Furthermore, ophthalmic treatments in Iran has proved to be a life-changing procedure for people who are suffering from eye injuries. Additionally, Iran benefits from some of the distinguished ophthalmologists who are recognized internationally due to the original contribution they have offered to the medical community.